Author: M. E. Shlyakhter (Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences)

Pages\n 1008–1022

Summary\n: The morphological causative found in Bengali originates from the Middle Indo-Aryan and Old Indo-Aryan model and is still productive to this day. Although the Bengali causative suffix goes back to the Middle Indo-Aryan second (indirect) causative suffix, the meaning of indirect causation had already been lost by the time when Chandidas composed his poems (approximately 15–16 cc.). In the causative forms used by Chandidas we see a continuation of the processes that began at the Middle Indo-Aryan stage: only about a half of all the causative verbs really express causation; others have either lost the opposition with the simple verb or acquired a different meaning and lost their pair. A few lexical and analytical causatives can be found in the poems. Some causative verbs used by Chandidas are not present in Bengali dictionaries.

Keywords\n: morphological causative, Bengali, padas, Chandidas.

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Author M. V. Shumilin Affiliation Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration School of Advanced Studies in the Humanities, Russian State University for the Humanities Institute of Oriental and Classical Studies

Title Lycaon and Catiline in Ovid’s Metamorphoses Pages 1023–1033

Summary\n: Ovid’s narrative about Lycaon (Ou. Met. 1.163–243) has been traditionally analised with Roman politics in mind. However, if we reduce the episode to a panegyric to the Jupiter-like Augustus, we have to face numerous problems, for Jupiter’s speech about Lycaon contains many contradictions and even raises suspicion of manipulations of fact. It has in fact been mentioned that the political agenda of another first book council of gods, that of Lucilius’ Satires, is also alluded to in Ovid’s story. I want to draw attention to one more first book council of gods that seems to be particularly important for Ovid, that of Cicero’s De cosulatu. The political situation of Catilianian conspiracy in 63 BC appears to be another model behind the episode in general: like Cicero in his speeches against Catiline, Ovidian Jupiter off-hand accuses Lycaon of attempted murder of himself; besides, Cicero does indeed compare himself to Jupiter in these speeches, and the first of the Catilinarians was pronounced in the temple of Jupiter Stator on the slope of the Palatine, so Ovid’s equation of the neighbourhood of Jupiter’s house where the divine council takes place to the Palatine in Ou. Met. 1.168–176 might allude to that case as well. Verbal parallels with Ciceronian contexts treating Catiline are also not lacking in Ovid’s text (Ou. Met. 1.200–201 ~ Cic. Cat. 4.7, Cic. Mur. 80; Ou. Met. 1.190–191 ~ Cic. Phil. 8.15). The strange features of the episode are all connected with the way Jupiter presents facts and arguments; perhaps Ovid intended to reproduce the biased demagogic nature of Ciceronian rhetoric that has actually condemned Cicero’s opponent to silence, albeit leaving, due to its contradictions and obvious overstatements, suspicions that there might in fact be some truth on the opposite side.

Keywords\n: Ovid, Metamorphoses, Lycaon, Catiline, Augustus, Cicero.

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