Author: A. I. Zolotukhina (Lomonosov Moscow State University)

Pages\n 285–294

Summary\n: The paper deals with Crito 44 a-b, a prophetic dream told by Socrates, and left without explanation as if its meaning was clear. Two interpretations are suggested in the paper. 1) Cicero (De div. I 52–53) gives a description of a prophetic dream in Aristotle’s Eudemus which is very similar to that in Crito. He provides an explanation: a return in this dream means death. In both dialogues, this meaning is not evident without Phaedo. This observation means that both Eudemus and Crito are posterior to Phaedo, while Crito may also be posterior to Eudemus. 2) The author of Crito may have been familiar with the so-called ‘logical fatalism’ of the Megarian school. The principle of this school is formulated by Diodorus Cronus as following: “the possible is that which either is or will be”, i.e. everything that is possible will take place in the future (as, e.g., Cicero puts it in De fato 17). The Homeric verse in Crito is part of a potential conditional clause: a true statement in Diodorus’ logical system. It may be one of the arguments why Socrates in Crito is so certain about the veracity of his dream. On the other hand, this interpretation is chronologically interesting, as in the late Academy there was a polemic between the megarians and Aristotle about logical determinism: Aristotle refuted it in De interpretatione 9 – a part of Organon that is attributed by I. Düring to early 350s. These debates may have been a philosophical context of Crito as well.

Keywords\n: Crito, Aristotle, dream, divination, Academy, Cicero, logical fatalism, the Megarian school, Diodorus Cronus.

References\n

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Author S. V. Ivanov Affiliation Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences Title The snail and the snow: transformations in translation as an instrument of textual criticism and comparative analysis (on the basis of the Russian Lucidarius) Pages 295–309

Summary\n: The paper examines a fragment of the Russian Lucidarius which contains a curious interpretation of the source text. Such cases are of high importance because they shed some light on the history of this translation and provide interesting material for comparison. The Russian fragment is compared to the printed versions of the German Lucidarius as well as to other Slavic (Czech, Croatian, Ukrainian) versions. The fragment in question corroborates the hypothesis that the Russian translation was based on the early Low German print Lübeck 1485, tracing the transformation schnecken ‘snails’ → снѣги ‘snows’ back to the Low German form sniggen faithfully reproduced in one of the copies as изниггень.

Keywords\n: Lucidarius, Russian translations from German.

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