Indo-European linguistics and classical philology
A. A. Trofimov. Initial clusters consisting of two voiceless stops: PIE heritage or dialectal innovation? (pp. 909–919)
Author
A. A. Trofimov (Lomonosov Moscow State University)
Keywords\n initial clusters, thorn-clusters, dialectal area, innovation, archaism, isogloss
Pages\n 909–919
Summary\n
In this paper we examine PIE initial clusters with structure *PP- (P – any voiceless stop, *p, *t, *k / *k/ *ku ). First, our attention was drawn to the fact that all reliable cases of initial “thorn-clusters” are found only in Greek, Armenian, Indo-Iranian and perhaps Phrygian. *tk ei - ‘to settle, to live’: Old Indic kṣéti ‘lives’, Avestan šaēiti ‘lives’, Greek κτίζω ‘to settle’, Armenian šēn ‘village’, Phrygian kcianaveyos ‘of a settler, of settlers’; *tk ēi - (*tk eH1i -) ‘to rule; to possess’: Old Indic kṣáyati, Avestan xšayeiti ‘rules’, Greek κτάομαι, Ionic κτέομαι ‘to acquire; to possess’; *tken- (or *tk en-?) ‘to strike, to hurt, to destroy’: Old Indic kṣanóti ‘hurts, injures, wounds’, Avestan axšata- ‘invulnerable’, Greek κτείνω ‘to kill’; *tk īno- (*tk iH(i)no-) ‘bird of prey’: Old Indic śyena-, Avestan saēna- ‘eagle, hawk’ (< *tk i eHino-); Armenian c in (probably, c < *ky- < tk i -), Greek ἰκτῖνος ‘kite’ (Schindler 1967: 198). This observation inclined us to study all other possible PIE PP-clusters. We can conclude that there are the following reliable cases: *ku k -: The zero-grade * of *ku ek - ‘to see’ in Avestan xsāi [xsaai] 1 sg. subj. aor ‘I shall look’; *pk u-: The zero-grade of *pék u ‘cattle’: Old Indic kṣu-mā n-, kṣu-mant- ‘having food’, Avestan fšu-yant- ‘cattle-breeder’, maybe Greek Kύ-κλωψ ‘Сyclops’ < (*pk u-klops ‘cattle-stealer’); Greek κτείς, κτενός ‘comb’ (< *πκτεν-), Pashto ž manj, Modern Persian šāna ‘comb’ (< *pk -en-), but Latin pecten ‘comb’; Zero-grades of the root *pet- ‘to fall; to fly’: Greek πτῆσις ‘flight’ (< *pt-eH2-ti?); Greek πτερόν, πτέρυξ ‘wing’, Armenian t ir ‘flight’ (< *ptēr- ); Greek πτωτός ‘falling’ (< *pt-oH-tó- ?), Avestan tāta- (< *ptāta-) ‘falling (rain)’. It is possible to conclude that initial clusters with structure *PPrepresent an important Greek-Phrygian-Armenian-Aryan dialectal isogloss. Some facts can serve as evidence in favor of an innovation: 1) There are no valid cognates in other languages; 2) Many words of the list look like new formations.
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